Xylitol is a natural sugar alcohol sweetener that occurs in small amounts in various fruits and vegetables. It appears as white, odorless crystals with a distinctive cooling sensation and sweetness comparable to sucrose. With a molecular formula of C₅H₁₂O₅, xylitol features remarkable physical properties, including excellent thermal stability (melting point 92-96°C), high solubility in water (169 g/100 mL at 20°C), and a crystalline structure that provides superior mouthfeel in applications.
Unlike regular sugar, xylitol has a glycemic index of just 7 (compared to sucrose’s 65-70), making it metabolically distinct with approximately 40% fewer calories. Its unique molecular structure enables xylitol to resist fermentation by oral bacteria, creating a slightly alkaline environment in the mouth rather than an acidic one. With a relative sweetness of 0.8-1.0 compared to sucrose, xylitol delivers sweetness without the caloric impact or tooth decay potential of traditional sugar.
